Identification and determination of the inulin content in the roots of the Northeast Brazilian species Pombalia calceolaria L.

A polysaccharide was extracted from the roots of Pombalia calceolaria, a plant used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil, by decoction followed by precipitation with methanol, yielding a concentration of 13.0% w/w, and purification with acetone. The molar mass peak was estimated to be 4.0×10(3)Da using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Polarized light photomicrography of histological sections revealed the presence of inulin in the cortical parenchyma. The chemical composition of inulin was identified by 1D and 2D NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and the findings were compared with the literature. This is the first time inulin has been identified on FT-IR and NMR for the species Pombalia calceolaria.

Estudo farmacognóstico das raízes de ipeca-da-praia (Pombalia calceolaria (L) Paula-Souza)aspectos botânicos, químicos e farmacológicos / I don't really know how it is, I just know it's AIDS: incentives and barriers to HIV / AIDS testing among sex workers

Pombalia calceolaria L., Violaceae, popularmente conhecida por ipeca-da-praia, ipecabranca, ipecacunha dos raizeiros é uma Pombalia calceolaria L., Violacea e, popularmente conhecida por ipeca-da-praia, ipecabranca, ipecacunha dos raizeiros é uma herbácea perene, predominante no sertão nordestino. Embora não existam dados na literatura comprovando sua atividade farmacológica, pordécadas, suas raízes são preparadas na forma de decocto, lambedor e maceração, cujas principais indicações populares são para tosse, expectoração, como vermífugo, antidiarréico epara dentição. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização farmacognósticadas raízes de P. calceolaria nos aspectos botânicos, químicos e farmacológicos. Aimportância da caracterização morfoanatômica está no fato de que não há registro em literatura descrevendo o perfil botânico desta espécie vegetal. Assim, as raízes recém coletadas de P. calceolaria foram caracterizadas morfologicamente com vista desarmada e em seguida realizada a caracterização anatômica através de secção histológica, reação histoquímica, registro fotomicrográfico em campo de luz claro, onde foi evidenciado que araiz em estudo apresenta o xilema secundário oriundo do câmbio com dimorfismo no tamanho dos vasos e floema secundário constituído de poucas camadas circundando o xilema. Noparênquima cortical foi visualizado e fotomicrografado, sob luz polarizada, a presença decristais de inulina...

Early diagnosis of HIV in Brazil still represents a challenge. It is estimated that about 30% of people living with HIV do not know their HIV status. 43% of the population comes to health services with late diagnosis in clinical conditions as AIDS-related. In this scenario, female sex workers - SW, are considered the most vulnerable, with HIV prevalence rate of 4.8%, while among women in the general population, the prevalence is 0.4%. Thus, the aim of this work was to understand what incentives and barriers that involve performing diagnostic testing of HIV among female sex workers in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. It built an analysis of their realities which tried to contribute to the reduction of vulnerabilities associated with HIV/AIDS infection. We used a qualitative approach using the methodology "Rapid Assessment" (RA) from the anthropological presuppositions. We conducted interviews with 36 SW women, field observation, and document analysis. The decision to perform an HIV test is determined by the intersection of individual, social, programmatic factors, linked to social inequalities. The disconnection between common sense and scientific knowledge, linked to the influence of religious beliefs, constituted as a barrier to testing. The prenatal was configured as a process that enables the test but does not encourage its regularity in nonpregnant time. Most respondents spoke of continued use of condom with their clients, however, do not use it with their steady partners. Women often want to do the test, however the main barrier is the difficulty of access to services. The integration of the populations most vulnerable to HIV in health care depends on the mode of organization of the health system. It is necessary to consider their demands and needs, strategically and collectively with their